Culture and Anarchy, first published in 1869, is a collection of essays by Victorian poet and critic Matthew Arnold. In it, Arnold argues for the importance of “culture” — the pursuit of human perfection through knowledge, beauty, and moral refinement — as a remedy to the societal chaos brought by industrialization, materialism, and class conflict. He criticizes both the rigidities of the aristocracy and the rising middle class's utilitarian values, advocating for balance, education, and critical thinking. This work remains a foundational text in cultural criticism and the humanities.
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